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Subscriber sign in You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Username Please enter your Username. The sudden threat of attack convinced the Athenian assembly to support his suggestion that envoys should sent to Thebes to try and win them over. Demosthenes was appointed head of this embassy. At the same time Chares and Lysciles were appointed as generals, and given the task of taking the Athenian citizen army towards the Boeotian frontier.
At this point Philip still hoped to have Thebes on his side. Both sides sent envoys to Thebes - when Demosthenes arrived he found Philip's ambassadors already present. Philip's envoys spoke first. They asked Thebes to either grant them free passage across Boeotia or to actually support the invasion of Attica. In his speech 'On the Crown' Demosthenes brushes over the offer he used to gain Theban support, perhaps knowing that it would have been unpopular in post-war Athens.
He offered to accept Thebes's dominance of the Boeotian League, abandoning Athens's long standing allies in the area. Athens would pay for two thirds of the land war and all of the naval war, but Thebes would command on land. The military headquarters for the war would be based in Thebes. This was too good an offer for the Thebans to resist, and they abandoned their alliance with Philip and chose to side with Athens,.
After this dramatic start to the campaign, there was now a prolonged standoff. The Allies occupied key passes blocking Philip's routes into Boeotia or to Amphissa, and over the winter there was little movement.
Demosthenes reported a 'winter battle' and the 'battle by the river', probably minor skirmishes. Philip's next move probably came in the spring of BC. He is said to have sent a letter to his general Antipater , informing him that a revolt had broken out in Thrace, and Philip would have to move north to deal with it. The defenders of the pass heading to Amphissa relaxed their guard, and Philip was able to advance over the pass and take Amphissa.
The Greek defensive line was thus broken, and they were forced to retreat to Chaeronea. Another standoff followed, before in the summer of BC Philip advanced towards the new Greek position, triggering the inevitable battle.
According to Plutarch the battle took place on the 7th day of the month of Metageitnion, probably placing it on 2 August or 1 September BC. Philip had over 30, men in his army, a big increase on the 10, men he could raise early in his reign. The Greeks managed to get close to 30, men themselves, but they were made up of a large number of different contingents, not used to fighting together.
The battle was probably fought close to the River Cephisus, on a line running from close to the Macedonian burial mound, south-west to an opening in the hill of Thurium, caused by a stream called Molos. The Macedonians would have had their left flank near the river and been facing east, the Allies their right flank near the river.
Diodorus gives us a very short account of the battle. Philip's son Alexander was given command on one wing, despite his young age with Philip's most experienced generals for support. Philip was on the other wing at the head of 'picked me' other sources tell us that Alexander was on the left and Philip on the right. On the allied side the Athenians were on one wing, the Boeotians on the other again other sources place the Athenians on the Allied left, facing Philip, and the Thebans on the allied right, facing Alexander.
The forces of Athens and Thebes were destroyed, and continued resistance was impossible; the war therefore came to an abrupt end. Philip was able to impose a settlement upon southern Greece, which all states accepted, with the exception of Sparta. The League of Corinth, formed as a result, made all participants allies of Macedon and each other, with Philip as the guarantor of the peace. In turn, Philip was voted as strategos general for a pan-Hellenic war against the Achaemenid Empire, which he had long planned.
However, before he was able to take charge of the campaign, Philip was assassinated, and the Kingdom of Macedon and responsibility for the war with Persia passed instead to his son Alexander. Filipok garaipen erabakigarria erdietsi zuen eta, harrezkero, greziar hiriak mazedoniarren aliatu bilakatu ziren, estatu zergari gisa, baina eutsi ahal izan zioten beren independentziari.
Die Schlacht von Chaironeia im August des Jahres v. In deze slag zou er definitief over de toekomst van de Griekse poleis beslist worden. Hun moed kon echter het gebrek aan samenhang en leiding niet goedmaken en Philippus behaalde dan ook een eclatante overwinning. In seguito alla vittoria macedone, il re Filippo II di Macedonia impose coercitivamente agli sconfitti l'adesione alla Lega di Corinto, una lega che impediva alle poleis greche di farsi guerra tra loro.
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