Cotton is found in the seed boll of the cotton plant and is the most widely used of fibres around the world. Cotton is commonly used for all types of clothing and furnishing fabrics. Other seed fibres include hemp and jute. These fibres have similar properties to cotton and tend to be used for carpets, upholstery, bags and rope.
Linen is a seed fibre from the flax plant and has similar properties to cotton. The fibres are:. It is used for summer clothing, keeping the wearer cool and for furnishing fabrics. Manufactured polymers, also known as synthetic fibres, are made from synthetic sources, such as oil, coal or petrochemicals.
They are made into simple chemical molecular chains, called monomers, which join together to form polymers. Polyester is a very common manufactured fibre used for clothing as it is easy to care for, dries quickly and is very strong. It is water resistant has poor absorbency and crease resistant. Nylon is similar to polyester but is more durable. The objective of blending and mixing-.
To get a good quality product. To get varieties of yarn. To get the proper strength of the yarn. To get good fineness of the yarn. One mill can control the total cost of cotton by purchasing the right quality cotton at the right time as the price of cotton fluctuates significantly over the years and by the efficient formulation of mixings for the various counts of yarn that are being spun.
Tags: Blending and Mixing. Facebook Twitter. Unknown Jul 31, , AM. Polyester fabric Polyester fabric characteristics, environmental impact uses Md. I am Apel Hossain, B. Sc in Textile at wet processing. Now I am Employee of Ha-meem group. Apel Hossain B. Acrylic: Cheap to produce, can be used to make fake fur, cloths and furnishings.
Polyester: Strong and holds a pleat well. It can melt if heated too high. It is easy to wash and dry. Suitable for sportswear, sheets and curtains.
Elastane: A very stretchy fabric which is easy to care for. Washes and dries well, highly flammable. Used for leggings and tights, can be blended with other fabrics to make them stretch. Microfibres: Microscopic fibres are knitted or woven into tight, strong materials which are warm and easy care.
Tactel, Tencell. Fabrics can be blended by combining fibres before they are made into a fabric. Manufacturers can combine properties to fit their need. Elastane mixed with cotton makes a stretch, easy to dye fabric for figure hugging clothes. Fabrics can easily hold pollen, mites and dust which can cause allergic reactions, tighter woven, thicker fabric can physically block particles.
Some modern materials are treated with a thin layer of silver which is antimicrobial, anti odour and anti allergy, this is useful for sportswear, medical uses and bedding.
Different types of fabrics are made from different thicknesses of yarns. They can be textured to create a range of fabrics. Weaving — threads are put on a loom called the warp , other threads are passed under and over the warp threads called the weft. Different combinations of warp and weft threads can create texture and pattern. A plain weave is basic under one, over one whereas a twill weave is over two, under one.
This gives a stronger diagonal weave. Plain weave: Under one over one, hardwearing, strong, smooth and cheap to produce. Used for lining, bedding and lightweight fabrics. Twill weave: Over two under one produces a diagonal pattern, strong and able to drape its used in tweed, denim and tartan. Satin weave: Over 4 or more under one so gives a very fine, shiny surface, It is prone to pilling and plucking. Used for delicate clothes and ribbon.
Jacquard Weave: A CAD program sets the loom to create a range of weaves to build up a pattern in rows.
Often used for upholstery fabric and heavy curtaining. Knitted fabrics are made through interlocking loops of yarn, the loops are excellent insulators as they trap in air. Knitting is also stretchy and excellent for knitwear, fleece and tights.
Layers of fibres are either glued together or forced together to create a fabric layer. They have no particular direction so can be cut without fraying.
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